Social security and Medicare tax for 2019. The social security tax rate is 6.2% each for the employee and employer, unchanged from 2018. The social security wage base limit is $132,900.The Medicare tax rate is 1.45% each for the employee and employer, unchanged from 2018.
You had a great year at work, and you were grateful to hear you were getting a bonus. While a bonus payment sounds terrific, don't count your bonus chickens before they hatch. Remember that a considerable chunk of your bonus will go to the federal government and another piece will find its way to your state.
Bonus payments are always taxable if your state levies an income tax. In most cases, your employer will withhold the appropriate federal, state and local taxes from your bonus before you get it. While this reduces the amount of the bonus you actually get, it also eliminates the need to worry that you'll owe taxes at the end of the year just because you got a bonus.
Tip
Tax laws vary by state, so the amount of tax taken from a bonus check, if applicable in your state, depends on which state you're filing your taxes in. Some states tax bonuses at a flat rate, but others may tax them using a tiered system.
Some Exceptions
State income tax isn't an issue if you live in Alaska, Florida, South Dakota, Washington, Nevada, Texas or Wyoming. These states don't collect income tax, so they won't mess with your bonus. Someone else will, however. Even these states can't say no to the federal government, so the Internal Revenue Service will take its usual bite from your bonus.
Basic Percentage
State income tax laws vary by state, so you need to understand your state's tax laws to calculate the taxes on your bonus properly. Some states simply apply the income tax rate to a bonus the same way they do to your regular pay. In Pennsylvania, for example, the state income tax rate was 3.07 percent as of 2018. The state taxes all wages at this rate, and bonuses get taxed the same way. Whether your employer adds your bonus to one of your payroll checks or gives it to you separately, the tax rate remains 3.07 percent.
Complicated Calculations
Not all states tax bonuses at the same rate as other income. Georgia, for instance, uses a tiered system to tax bonuses. Depending upon your annual income, the state taxes your bonus at a rate between 2 and 6 percent. The higher your income, the more tax you pay on your bonus. In Minnesota, 2018 bonuses get taxed at a rate of 6.25 percent, regardless of how much you make or how much the bonus is.
California taxes bonuses at a flat rate as well. This rate is 10.23 percent as of 2018. In states with more complicated rules, ask your employer's payroll department for specifics on how your bonus gets taxed. If you think your employer calculated your taxes incorrectly, your state's Department of Revenue can answer bonus taxation questions for you, as can a local CPA.
Employer Pays Taxes
The intent of a bonus is to reward you for a job well done, not add to the coffers of your state taxing authority. There is no way to legally avoid paying taxes. If your employer is gracious enough, however, she may absorb the tax costs for you in a gross-up.
Let's say, for instance, that your employer promised you a $5,000 bonus. To make sure you actually get the full amount, she can adjust the gross amount of your bonus upward to make your bonus $5,000 after taxes rather than before.
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About the Author
Grace Ferguson has been writing professionally since 2009. With 10 years of experience in employee benefits and payroll administration, Ferguson has written extensively on topics relating to employment and finance. A research writer as well, she has been published in The Sage Encyclopedia and Mission Bell Media.
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We’re just about to enter 2018 tax filing season. But already the IRS has issued new federal income tax brackets for 2019.Confused? That's completely understandable. But while you're preparing your 2018 tax return in the spring of 2019, you should completely ignore the information in this article. It'll only serve to confuse you.
Unfortunately, it will be 100% relevant from January 1, 2019, forward, despite the fact that no one will have filed their 2018 return yet. But the 2019 information is necessary to be prepared to file your taxes when 2019 ends. You may need to make adjustments in your withholding taxes, or your tax estimates if you're self- employed.
Filing Status | 2018 | 2019 |
Single | $12,000 | $12,200 |
Married filing jointly | $24,000 | $24,400 |
Head of Household | $18,000 | $18,350 |
Other Tax Numbers Changing in 2019
Qualified Business Income Deduction. Beginning in the 2018 tax year, the new tax law provides small business owners with a 20% deduction against business income. It’s officially referred to as the Section 199A deduction, and it applies to small businesses, other than “C” corporations.
There are income limits against which that deduction can be taken. The income thresholds for both 2018 and 2019 are as follows:
Filing Status | 2018 | 2019 |
Single | $157,500 | $160,700 |
Married filing jointly | $315,000 | $321,400 |
Alternative Minimum Tax (AMT). The AMT was created in the 1960s to impose taxes on taxpayers who claim an excessive amount of tax breaks. It provides a second set of tax rates that will be imposed if they exceed taxes as their taxable income is normally calculated.
The tax code provides an income exemption to the AMT, below which the tax will not apply. There is also in an income phase-out beyond which the exemption no longer applies. Both are indexed for inflation. The figures for 2019 will be as follows:
Filing Status | Exemption Amount | Exemption Phaseout |
Single | $71,700 | $510,300 |
Married filing jointly | $111,700 | $1,020,600 |
Retirement Contributions.
Base retirement contributions are increasing by $500 in 2019. However, catch-up contributions for taxpayers 50 and older have not been increased.
For 2019, retirement plan contributions will look like this:
- IRAs - $6,000 (up from $5,500 in 2018), plus a $1,000 catch-up contribution if you’re 50 or older.
- Employer sponsored plans – 401(k), 403(b), 457, TSP - $19,000 (up from $18,500 in 2018), plus a $6,000 catch-up contribution if you’re 50 or older.
The lifetime gift and estate tax exemption. This is scheduled to increase from $11.18 million in 2018 to $11.4 million in 2019. The annual gift exclusion will be $15,000, unchanged from 2018.
Other Major Changes Taking Place in 2019
Other changes taking place in 2019, without being indexed for inflation, include:
The elimination of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) penalty.
One of the more controversial provisions of the ACA was the imposition of a penalty on consumers with no health insurance coverage. The new tax law is finally ending that penalty.
However, in one of the lesser known provisions of the new tax law, the penalty will continue to be in force for 2018. The final termination of the penalty doesn't take place until the 2019 tax year.
The medical expense deduction.
Due to the large increases in standard deductions, fewer people will itemize their deductions from 2018 on. But if you do, you'll be able to itemize unreimbursed medical expenses that exceed 7.5% of your adjusted gross income (AGI). For 2019, that threshold increases to 10% of AGI, further reducing that deduction.
Alimony.
A major change will take place beginning in 2019. Through the end of 2018, alimony payments have been deductible by the payor, and taxable to the recipient. But for divorce decrees issued after December 31, 2018, alimony will neither be deductible by the payor, nor taxable to the recipient.
However, for divorce decrees issued before January 1, 2019, alimony will remain tax deductible to the payor, and considered taxable income to the recipient.
Final Thoughts on The New 2019 Federal Income Tax Brackets and Rates
If you're very familiar with the tax code as it was through 2017, the changes you'll see in 2019 may seem dramatic. But the real change is taking place in the 2018 tax year, and that's what you need to focus on right now.
The 2019 changes are really just slight adjustments from the major changes that are taking place in 2018. The main takeaway is to use this information to set your withholding tax, tax estimates, and tax planning in the right direction at the beginning of 2019.
All the changes should make us especially thankful for tax preparation software.
States that have legalized marijuana use are already amassing huge tax revenues from its sales. Click to learn how you can cash-in from this enormous boom.
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'>We’re just about to enter 2018 tax filing season. But already the IRS has issued new federal income tax brackets for 2019.
Confused? That's completely understandable. But while you're preparing your 2018 tax return in the spring of 2019, you should completely ignore the information in this article. It'll only serve to confuse you.
Unfortunately, it will be 100% relevant from January 1, 2019, forward, despite the fact that no one will have filed their 2018 return yet. But the 2019 information is necessary to be prepared to file your taxes when 2019 ends. You may need to make adjustments in your withholding taxes, or your tax estimates if you're self- employed.
Why Tax Brackets and Other Tax Numbers Are Changing
It all has to do with a provision in the tax code known as indexing. Each year, the IRS adjusts tax brackets to account for inflation. For example, if the inflation rate for the past year is 2%, the IRS will adjust all income brackets up by roughly 2%.
For example, if a particular tax bracket begins at a taxable income of $40,000 one year, that number will be increased to $40,800 for the following year. The IRS also likes round numbers. Percentages will be no better than approximate, since numbers will be rounded up in increments of $25, $50, or even $100.
The purpose of indexing is to eliminate what's known as bracket creep. That’s where you get pushed into a higher tax bracket due to pay raises that do little more than match the rate of inflation. Indexing allows you to stay in the same tax bracket, despite a slightly higher income level.
Until 2017, indexing was based on changes in the Consumer Price Index (CPI). But beginning in the 2019 tax year, indexing will be based on the Chained Consumer Price Index (C-CPI). The change is part of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017.
Indexing applies not only to tax brackets, but also to other relevant tax numbers, like the standard deduction and the alternative minimum tax (AMT).
The New 2019 Federal Income Tax Brackets & Rates
Federal income tax brackets and rates for 2019 are shown below. Indexing has increased the income brackets by roughly 2% across the board.
Tax Bracket / Filing Status | Single | Married Filing Jointly or Qualifying Widow | Married Filing Separately | Head of Household |
10% | $0 to $9,700 | $0 to $19,400 | $0 to $9,700 | $0 to $13,850 |
12% | $9,701 to $39,475 | $19,401 to $78,950 | $9,701 to $39,475 | $13,851 to $52,850 |
22% | $39,476 to $84,200 | $78,951 to $168,400 | $39,476 to $84,200 | $52,851 to $84,200 |
24% | $84,201 to $160,725 | $168,401 to $321,450 | $84,201 to $160,725 | $84,201 to $160,700 |
32% | $160,726 to $204,100 | $321,451 to $408,200 | $160,726 to $204,100 | $160,701 to $204,100 |
35% | $204,101 to $510,300 | $408,201 to $612,350 | $204,101 to $306,175 | $204,101 to $510,300 |
37% | $510,301 or more | $612,351 or more | $306,176 or more | $510,301 or more |
The New 2019 Federal Income Tax Brackets and Rates for Capital Gains
Capital gains are taxed at different rates from ordinary income. For example, while there are seven tax brackets for ordinary income, ranging from 10% to 37%, there are just three for capital gains, ranging from 0% to 20%.
This is a major advantage for anyone who has substantial capital gains income. The capital gains tax rate is substantially lower than the tax rate on a comparable amount of ordinary income.
Just as is the case with the income brackets for ordinary income, the income brackets for capital gains have also been increased slightly from 2018.
Tax Rate | Single | Married Filing Jointly | Heads of Households |
0% | $0 to $39,375 | $0 to $78,750 | $0 to $52,750 |
15% | $39,376 to $434,550 | $78,751 to $488,850 | $52,751 to $461,700 |
20% | $434,551 or more | $488,851 or more | $461,701 or more |
The Standard Deduction for 2019
As you probably know – or you'll find out when you file your 2018 tax return – personal exemptions have been eliminated under the new tax law. The $4,050 you could claim up until 2017 for yourself, your spouse and any eligible dependents is now history.
In its place, the standard deduction has been roughly doubled. That will work out well for singles and couples, but it will be a definite negative for anyone with dependents.
And like other numbers in the tax code, the standard deduction will be increasing slightly for 2019. Here's how that will look:
Filing Status | 2018 | 2019 |
Single | $12,000 | $12,200 |
Married filing jointly | $24,000 | $24,400 |
Head of Household | $18,000 | $18,350 |
Other Tax Numbers Changing in 2019
Qualified Business Income Deduction. Beginning in the 2018 tax year, the new tax law provides small business owners with a 20% deduction against business income. It’s officially referred to as the Section 199A deduction, and it applies to small businesses, other than “C” corporations.
There are income limits against which that deduction can be taken. The income thresholds for both 2018 and 2019 are as follows:
Filing Status | 2018 | 2019 |
Single | $157,500 | $160,700 |
Married filing jointly | $315,000 | $321,400 |
Alternative Minimum Tax (AMT). The AMT was created in the 1960s to impose taxes on taxpayers who claim an excessive amount of tax breaks. It provides a second set of tax rates that will be imposed if they exceed taxes as their taxable income is normally calculated.
The tax code provides an income exemption to the AMT, below which the tax will not apply. There is also in an income phase-out beyond which the exemption no longer applies. Both are indexed for inflation. The figures for 2019 will be as follows:
Filing Status | Exemption Amount | Exemption Phaseout |
Single | $71,700 | $510,300 |
Married filing jointly | $111,700 | $1,020,600 |
Retirement Contributions.
Base retirement contributions are increasing by $500 in 2019. However, catch-up contributions for taxpayers 50 and older have not been increased.
For 2019, retirement plan contributions will look like this:
- IRAs - $6,000 (up from $5,500 in 2018), plus a $1,000 catch-up contribution if you’re 50 or older.
- Employer sponsored plans – 401(k), 403(b), 457, TSP - $19,000 (up from $18,500 in 2018), plus a $6,000 catch-up contribution if you’re 50 or older.
The lifetime gift and estate tax exemption. This is scheduled to increase from $11.18 million in 2018 to $11.4 million in 2019. The annual gift exclusion will be $15,000, unchanged from 2018.
Other Major Changes Taking Place in 2019
Other changes taking place in 2019, without being indexed for inflation, include:
The elimination of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) penalty.
One of the more controversial provisions of the ACA was the imposition of a penalty on consumers with no health insurance coverage. The new tax law is finally ending that penalty.
However, in one of the lesser known provisions of the new tax law, the penalty will continue to be in force for 2018. The final termination of the penalty doesn't take place until the 2019 tax year.
The medical expense deduction.
Due to the large increases in standard deductions, fewer people will itemize their deductions from 2018 on. But if you do, you'll be able to itemize unreimbursed medical expenses that exceed 7.5% of your adjusted gross income (AGI). For 2019, that threshold increases to 10% of AGI, further reducing that deduction.
Alimony.
A major change will take place beginning in 2019. Through the end of 2018, alimony payments have been deductible by the payor, and taxable to the recipient. But for divorce decrees issued after December 31, 2018, alimony will neither be deductible by the payor, nor taxable to the recipient.
However, for divorce decrees issued before January 1, 2019, alimony will remain tax deductible to the payor, and considered taxable income to the recipient.
Final Thoughts on The New 2019 Federal Income Tax Brackets and Rates
If you're very familiar with the tax code as it was through 2017, the changes you'll see in 2019 may seem dramatic. But the real change is taking place in the 2018 tax year, and that's what you need to focus on right now.
The 2019 changes are really just slight adjustments from the major changes that are taking place in 2018. The main takeaway is to use this information to set your withholding tax, tax estimates, and tax planning in the right direction at the beginning of 2019.
All the changes should make us especially thankful for tax preparation software.
States that have legalized marijuana use are already amassing huge tax revenues from its sales. Click to learn how you can cash-in from this enormous boom.
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